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11.4.2 Example of Exception Handling

Examples

Exception handling may be used to separate the detection of an error from the response to that error:

with Ada.Exceptions;
use Ada;
package File_System is
    type File_Handle is limited private;

    File_Not_Found : exception;
    procedure Open(F : in out File_Handle; Name : String);
    --  raises File_Not_Found if named file does not exist

    End_Of_File : exception;
    procedure Read(F : in out File_Handle; Data : out Data_Type);
    --  raises End_Of_File if the file is not open

```
    ...
end File_System;
```

package body File_System is
    procedure Open(F : in out File_Handle; Name : String) is
    begin
        if File_Exists(Name) then
            ...
        else
            Exceptions.Raise_Exception
              (File_Not_Found'Identity,
               "File not found: " & Name & ".");
        end if;
    end Open;

    procedure Read(F : in out File_Handle; Data : out Data_Type) is
    begin
        if F.Current_Position <= F.Last_Position then
            ...
        else
            raise End_Of_File;
        end if;
    end Read;

```
    ...
```
```
end File_System;
```

with Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Exceptions;
with File_System; use File_System;
use Ada;
procedure Main is
begin
    ... -- call operations in File_System
exception
    when End_Of_File =>
        Close(Some_File);
    when Not_Found_Error : File_Not_Found =>
        Text_IO.Put_Line
          (Exceptions.Exception_Message(Not_Found_Error));
    when The_Error : others =>
        Text_IO.Put_Line("Unknown error:");
        if Verbosity_Desired then
            Text_IO.Put_Line(Exceptions.Exception_Information
              (The_Error));
        else
            Text_IO.Put_Line(Exceptions.Exception_Name
              (The_Error));
            Text_IO.Put_Line(Exceptions.Exception_Message
              (The_Error));
        end if;
        raise;
end Main;

In the above example, the File_System package contains information about detecting certain exceptional situations, but it does not specify how to handle those situations. Procedure Main specifies how to handle them; other clients of File_System might have different handlers, even though the exceptional situations arise from the same basic causes.

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